Exercise
Find an approximate value of
\arctan(\frac{1.01}{0.98})
Final Answer
Solution
We will use the 2-variable linear approximation formula
f(x,y)\approx f(x_0,y_0)+f'_x(x_0,y_0)\cdot(x-x_0)+f'_y(x_0,y_0)\cdot(y-y_0)
Therefore, we need to define the following
x, y, x_0, y_0, f(x)
And place them in the formula. x and y will be the numbers that appear in the question, and the points
x_0,y_0
will be the closest values to x and y respectively, which are easy for calculations.
In our exercise, we will define
x=1.01, y=0.98
because these values appear in the question. And we set
x_0=1,y_0=1
because they are the closest values to x and y respectively that are easy for calculations.
After we have defined x and y, it is easy to find the function. Just put x instead of the number we set to be x and put y instead of the number we set to be y. In this way, we get the function
f(x,y)=\arctan(\frac{x}{y})
In the formula above we see the function partial derivatives. Hence, we calculate them.
f'_x(x,y)=\frac{1}{{(\frac{x}{y})}^2+1}\cdot\frac{1}{y}=
=\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}\cdot\frac{1}{y}=
=\frac{y}{x^2+y^2}
f'_y(x,y)=\frac{1}{{(\frac{x}{y})}^2+1}\cdot(-\frac{x}{y^2})=
=\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}\cdot(-\frac{x}{y^2})=
=\frac{-x}{x^2+y^2}
We put all the data in the formula and get
f(1.01,0.98)\approx f(1,1)+f'_x(1,1)\cdot(1.01-1)+f'_y(1,1)\cdot(0.98-1)=
=\arctan(\frac{1}{1})+\frac{1}{1^2+1^2}\cdot 0.01+\frac{-1}{1^2+1^2}\cdot(-0.02)=
=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot 0.01+\frac{-1}{2}\cdot(-0.02)=
=\frac{\pi}{4}+0.005+0.001=
=\frac{\pi}{4}+0.005+0.001=
One can set
\pi=3.1415
And get
=\frac{3.1415}{4}+0.005+0.001=0.791
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